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The Effects of Self-efficacy and Social Support on Depression in Elementary School Children
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Mi Suk Jeon, Hyeon Ok Kim
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J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2011;22(3):272-280. Published online September 30, 2011
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2011.22.3.272
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- PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of self-efficacy, social support, and depression in elementary school children.
METHODS
The participants of this study were 619 students from seven elementary schools located in Jollabuk-do Province, Korea. The methods included data analysis, descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson's correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression using SPSS/WIN version 15.0.
RESULTS
The mean scores of self-efficacy, social support, and depression were 2.9+/-0.58, 3.2+/-0.44 and 14.0+/-7.32, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between self-efficacy and social support (r=.517, p<.001). Significant negative correlations were observed between self-efficacy and depression (r=-.557, p<.001) and between social support and depression (r=-.571, p<.001). The variables of depression in elementary school children were self-efficacy and social support, which explained 42.7% of the cases.
CONCLUSION
The findings from this study suggest that current intervention programs are not sufficient to curb depression in elementary school children and therefore it is needed to develop nursing intervention programs to promote self-efficacy and social support.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by  - Influential Factors for Happiness of Adolescents Who Use Community Child Centers
Young Mi Park, Jung Yee Kim, En Joo Jo, Ji Hyun Lee, Kyung Mi Woo
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2017; 28(1): 34. CrossRef - The Effects of Self-Efficacy on Adolescents’ School Adjustment： The Mediating Effects of Depression and Aggression
Soyoun Kim, JongSerl Chun
Korean Journal of Child Studies.2015; 36(4): 193. CrossRef
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A Study on the Needs of Health & Community Services Among the Disabled at Home in Rural Areas
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Hyeon Ok Kim, Kyoung Hwa Joung
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J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2007;18(3):480-491. Published online September 30, 2007
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- PURPOSE
This study was to investigate the needs of health & community services among the disabled at home in rural areas.
METHODS
The subjects were 146 persons with disabilities living in J-gun. The questionnaire was based on the needs of 8 categorical services. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, minimum, maximum, t-test, one-way ANOVA and Scheffe test.
RESULTS
Among the respondents, 27.4% visited the public health center in community for rehabilitation therapy. The average score of need was 2.62+/-.79: education services (2.92+/-1.05); medical services (2.81+/-.82); nursing care services (2.75+/-1.08); connection services (2.62+/-1.20); housing services (2.60+/-1.09); emotional services (2.41+/-1.03); other services (2.24+/-1.06); and support of self-sustenance service (1.92+/-1.15). The items in highest need were medical checkup (70.7%), medication (62.1%), traditional oriental therapy (60.4%) and physical therapy (58.9%), and those of lowest need were device repair (8.7%) and guidance of facility admission (7.1%). Needs were significantly different according to age (F=4.751, p=.001), employment status (t=2.108, p=.037) and medical fee payer (F=5.061, p=.002).
CONCLUSION
The needs of education & medical services were relatively high. Demographic factors were statistically significant in determining needs. For the disabled at home in rural areas, more various services or programs should be executed based upon the needs and characteristics of based upon the needs and characteristics of the subjects.
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Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior Related to Obesity in Elementary School Children
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Myung Ha Lee, Hyeon Ok Kim, Hee Kyoung Hyoung, Hee Sun Kim
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J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2007;18(3):469-479. Published online September 30, 2007
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This study was carried out to investigate the knowledge of obesity and exercise, attitude to dietary habits and exercise, and physical activities and exercise in elementary school children to provide basic data for obese programs.
METHODS
The subjects were 850 elementary school children of grade 3-6 in C City and data were collected with a questionnaire.
RESULTS
Higher grade, female and overweight children recorded a higher knowledge score than lower grade, male and normal weight children. As for attitude to dietary habit, lower grade and female children had more positive attitude than higher grade and male children. Overweight children were more aware of the seriousness of exercise than normal weight children. In physical activity, lower grade and male children were higher than higher grade and female children. The more interested the children's family were in exercise, the higher score of physical activity they showed.
CONCLUSION
In planning education for preventing obesity, it should give consideration to lower grade and male children. In addition, education for changing dietary habit attitude must be extended to higher grade and male children as well. It is effective to develop and apply physical activity improvement programs in the cooperation and involvement of their families.
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A Study on Activities of Daily Living and Perceived Health Status of Disabled Persons at Home in Rural Areas
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Hyeon Ok Kim, Kyoung Hwa Joung
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J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2007;18(2):252-265. Published online June 30, 2007
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This study was attempted to provide basic data required to develop community-base rehabilitation program for disabled persons at home by investigating their characteristics, ADL, and perceived health status.
METHOD
The subjects were 146 disabled persons at home in rural areas. Data were collected from January 22 to January 31, 2004. Data were analyzed using frequencies, percentages, means, standard deviations, minimums, maximums, chi2-test, Fisher's exact test, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe test, Contingency coefficient, Pearson's correlation, Stepwise multiple regression.
RESULTS
The average score of ADL was 5.51+/-1.92: sphincter control (5.85+/-2.10), communication (5.66+/-2.02), transfers (5.67+/-2.21), self care (5.44+/-2.05), social cognition (5.33+/-2.08), and locomotion (4.85+/-2.32). This means that the respondents were in the state of dependence. The main items requiring others' help were 'bathing' (57.7%) and 'going up and down stairs' (51.1%). ADL was significantly different according to age, gender, occupation, medical fee payer, type, severity and duration of disability, BMI, and alcohol drinking. Among the respondents, 82.8% perceived that their health status was bad. Main factors influencing the perceived health status of disability were age and ADL(R2=.343).
CONCLUSION
Perception of health status among the disabled is related to their characteristics and ADL, so it is necessary to develop community-base rehabilitation programs in order to improve ADL and the perception of health status.
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A Study on the Prevalence Rate of Hypertension and the Actual Conditions of Control
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Hyeon Ok Kim
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J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 1999;10(1):154-172. Published online June 30, 1999
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- In order to analyse the prevalence rate of hypertension and the actual conditions of control, we selected five districts out of eleven eups and myuns in Chinan Country. We administered structured questionaries to 309 adults above the age of 40, computerized the data using SPSS - PC+.
More than 40.1% of adults over 40 in Chinan County have health disorders ranging from high blood pressure to hypertension including alert high blood pressure at 36.2%, relatively high. Among general characteristics, differences in the rate of hypertension were influenced by age, occupation and places of residence. Over 71 who are engaged in agriculture, who don't have jobs, who reside in Sungsu, Jungchun, Chinan-eup all have higher hypertension rates than other groups. Accordingly, the control of hypertension should be focused on these people.
As a result of the control of blood pressure, the survey showed 93.0% of the subjects were checked mainly at hospitals clinics, health centers subhealth centers and community health posts more than once a year, relatively high level of blood pressure management. However, the difference between their blood pressure measurements at ordinary times and the level of blood pressure at the time of research was quite considerable. Only 47.3% of the subjects diagnosed with high blood pressure and 70.3% of the subjects with normal blood pressure recognized their blood pressure accurately 52.7% of the subjects diagnosed with high blood pressure showed errors in understanding their blood pressure at normal times. Because these errors can cause problems in the control of blood pressure, proper management should be executed through a systematic examination.
As a result of the high blood pressure control condition, the average period of hypertension was 74.5(+/-92.8) months, 92.3% of the subjects were diagnosed with high blood pressure at hospitals.clinics, health centers.subhealth centers.community health posts, but only 29.5% were examined after a general check up on high blood pressure was completed. 70.5% were diagnosed with high blood pressure only after measuring their blood pressure. 14.1% of the subjects were hospitalized because of falls influenced by high blood pressure. 33.3% attended hospitals and health centers regularily for medical treatment and this shows how low the rate of the control of blood pressure. Most people did not undergo medical treatment, because they had no painful symptoms (46.7%), they didn't need to take the medicine(28.9%), or they forget to take the medicine(20.0%). These problems in the control of hypertension were discovered in the process of diagnosing high blood pressure at health medical institutions. Many people did not recognize the need for consistent control of blood pressure. That is, although the diagnosis for high blood pressures performed at hospitals.clinics, health centers.subhealth centers and community health posts, was 92.3%, more than 70.5% of the subjects were not examined completely with regard to blood pressure.
Accordingly, heath medical institutions must diagnose high blood pressure not only by only measuring blood pressure but also by using systematic process of examination. As for the people diagnosed with high blood pressure, one should perform consistent medical approaches and help them to recognize the importance of the continuous control of blood pressure through subject-oriented education.
Problems the subjects experienced were the following numbness in the limbs easily paralyzed stitches in their shoulders which felt painful, stiff necks, occiputs felt heavy, headaches when they got up in the morning, felt dizzy when standing and moving their heads and poor eyesight.
The rate of knowledge related to high blood pressure was 78.7 points, comparatively low. Whether they had normal blood pressure or hypertension made no difference. These results are not desirable. Adult-oriented education forgot the prevention and management of high blood pressure should be implemented. Hypertensive-oriented education should be especially reinforced. Because there was a difference in the level of knowledge according to age, academic career, occupation or place of residence, education related to hypertension should be intensified and focused on those over the age of 71 those who did not attend school, those who do not have jobs and are engaged in agriculture and residents living in Bugui, Jungchun regions.
The degree of healthy life practice in hypertensives is poor, particularly weight control, as opposed to people who have normal blood pressure. It makes no difference in smoking, the amount of daily smoking, drinking, the control of salt because each result means that they are not practicing healthy life or modifying their life-style. The development and programs to improve a healthy life should be executed.
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